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STRATEGIC VISION FOR PAKISTAN: PAKVISION 2020

by

Moin Ansari

This is a brief excerpt of the paper written by Moin Ansari on the Strategic vision of Pakistan. The full paper is available upon request

The Pakistani stock market was the number one stock market in the world according to the World Bank. Its phenomenal growth in the early part of 2008 was not an anomaly but rather capstones ten years of unprecedented growth. The US ambassador made some positive comments about the stock market of Pakistan. Arab investment is pouring in and the Chinese investment is ready to break the dam. Local entrepreneurship is the main engine behind the growth of the stock market.

DEFENSE PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS:Pakistan has a unique window of opportunity to develop the export potential of it JF-17 Thunder, UAVs, Tanks, small arms, ships and even low cost submarines. Initial estimates show a huge potential in the export of the JF-17 Thunder planes.  This sector has a potential to sell more than 800 planes at significant profits.

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS:Pakistan can reverse engineer most of the commercial and electronic products and sell them at low cost to the West. Malaysia have been able to build chp and wafer manufacturing at low cost for the West. Creating simple boards for electronic manufacturing can be set up at very low cost. Much of the initial assembly of electronic goods in Japan was done in the home environment as “homework” for house wives.

TEXTILE EXPORTS: Pakistan should demand Trade First with the USA and the EU. This has a potential of export more than $16 Billion of goods to the USA and about $10 Billion to the EU.

STEEL MILL:Few countries of the world have Steel Mills. Pakistan can triple the size of its steel mill, take advantage of local material and sell steel on the open market.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT:Ubiquitous usage of hand cranked computers (hooked to the internet via peer-to-peer networks and cell hones, solar ovens, and bio gas generators and septic tank toilets would improve the sanitation and lives of the rural Pakistanis.

MEKAN RIVIERA:Mexico created a $60 Billion tourist industry by developing the Mexican Riviera. Pakistan can create secure “ClubMeds” on and near the Somiani and Gidani beaches with safe and secure trips to theme parks in Moenjodaro, and Mehargarh and Gandhara etc. The Dominican Republic and Egypt employ safe resorts and guarded trips to historical locations. Both have similar issues as Pakistan

BIG FOOT SKI RESORTS: Pakistan has the highest mountains on the world. Special direct flights from Zurich to Swiss owned Chalet in the vicinity of K2 would enable world class skiers to enjoy the wild and virgin snow of the worlds best skiing and bring unlimited foreign exchange to Pakistan.

DEATH VALLEY TOURS:The US makes millions of Dollars by opening “Death Valley” tours into the desert. Pakistan has some of the best deserts in the world. Secure flights from the US and Europe to the middle of the desert Club Meds would allow sun starved Europeans to enjoy the warmth of some of the hottest places on earth.

MEDICAL TOURISM:Pakistan can develop medical tourism for the world. Pakistan has the potential to build 100 Agha Khan type of hospitals. This can be done with the help of the Agha Khan and international investors.

PRIMARY EDUCATION:Pakistan has to import boat loads of Sri Lankan teacher to increase the education level of most Pakistan. The Sri Lankan model has to be employed to educate the population at low cost. Bangladesh imposed a 1 year apprenticeship requirement on all graduates to teach the illiterate populace. It yielded dramatic results in increase in literacy levels.

Votech education centers initially established in the 60s went away. These need to be resurrected on the lines of Imran Khan’s Gomal University

LANGUAGE EDUCATION: All Pakistani schools must impart Chinese, Arabic and English in addition to Urdu and possibly a regional language.

HIGHER EDUCATION:The previous government set up the mechanism to establish nine international universities with the help of Korea, Japan, China, France etc. These should be built upon and expanded. The UAE has allowed satellite campuses of international and Ivy League Universities. This should be expanded to Gwader and Karachi and Northern Areas. The USA established “The American University” in Beirut which still is a living symbol of America in Beirut. The USA should establish about a 100 universities in Pakistan as living symbols of US help to Pakistan.

MEDICAL FACILITIES:Pakistan has to build a low cost medical system on the model of Cuba and reduce child mortality by 50% in 5 years and 95% in ten years.

AGRICULTURE: Food for UAE from Pakistan: Investros set up agri bank to help farmers. Agriculture remains a bed of great opportunity. UEAbuys $5 Billion worth of farms in Pakistan to ensure food supplies from Pakistan and avoid food shoartage in the Gulf States. Horticulture and agriculture profits are ripe for the picking (http://rupeenews.com/2008/05/09/got-milk-pakistan-gulfs-food-granery/). The Gulf states recognize the potential of Pakistan. They have identified a policy and are implementing a food security plan for the Greater Middle East. Pakstani labor, land and resources are a major part of the policy.` The Gulf region imports $200 bilion of food. Pakistan is poised to grab a major share of that market.

COAL: Pakistani coal reserves equal 618 billion barrels of oil, twice oil reserves of Saudi Arabia. Coal mining and generation of electricity is a huge opportunity for investors because Pakistan has the worlds 4th largest coal reserves. Pakistan coal translates into twice  the oil of Saudi Arbia. Converting colossal reserves of Pakistan coal into energy. This has to be developed and converted into electricity. For a brief peroid of time during the Benazir Bhutto era Pakistan had surplus energy which could have been exported to India or other countries. (http://www.dawn.com/2004/09/20/ebr10.htm).

Pakistan’s Thar Desert contains the largest coal reserves discovered to date, covering an area of 10,000 square kilometers. The Thar Coal Field, should it be developed, will yield over 200 billion ton of coal used to produce electricity, it will yield sufficient power to make Pakistan self-sufficient in Electrical power.http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/issue2001/issue34/i&e1.htm

BULLET TRAINS: There is also great opportunity is setting up bullet trains and railway projects. Investors can also take advantage of the booming Call Centers in Pakistan as well as off-shore factories in software. The Software industry in Pakistan is set to reach about 11 Billion Dollars in the next few years. Labor rates are low, and with China setting up 6 new industrial zones, manufacturing will take off. In the entertainment industry, there is a lot of local talent for movies as well as music which has been very successful.There are some exceptions to the gloom, particularly in “frontier” markets like Egypt and Pakistan that aren’t on the radar screen of the average investor. Shares in Egypt and Pakistan have risen 7.7% and 7.4%, respectively. Heidi Moore of the Wall Street Journal put a very unattractive picture in her article which is really disgusting. This shows the basic prejudice of the author.

Opportunities for growth for Pakistan

STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN AGRICULTURE: (http://rupeenews.com/2008/05/09/got-milk-pakistan-gulfs-food-granery/) Pakistan needs structural reforms in agriculture to raise the per hectre yields. High quality seeds, fertilizer, tractors and combine harvesters could totally revolutionize agriculture and become a export powerhouse. A lot of agricultural products are lost in the supply chain from the field to the supermarket creating food shortages and increase in prices. According to some estimates more than 50% of Pakistani agricultural goods are lost in the archaic Indus Valley era supply chain. Refrigerated cargo trucks could ship vegetables and fruits to refrigerated ships to their destinations in Europe and American. Pakistan could ship roses, and flowers kept at almost zero degree temperature and get Billions of Dollars during Valentines Day.

Just the GCC buys more than $200 billion of agricultural products from Denmark and Europe. Pakistan is the 4thlargest producer of milk. It should be inundating the gulf with Pakistani milk and dairy products and halal meat form Pakistani farms.

If you were a smart investor, you would invest in a country with a track record of performance. Last year the stock market set many records and kept on going up. While many stock markets showed turbulence and weaknesses, the investors in Pakistan’s Stock Market kept on raking in the profits. After being stung by the Dubai Ports fiasco, many Middle Eastern and Asian investors have been heavily investing in the Pakistani infrastructure as well as the telecommunication industry. As others jump on the bandwagon, there are a lot of possibilities which need to be tapped into.

If one could travel from Karachi to Pindi in 5 hours, what would this do to the economy of Pakistan? Agricultural goods could be exported instantly, andthe congestion on the roads would be reduced dramatically. People could travel with ease. Cost? About $2 Billion. the ROI on this would be very short. Mr. Sharif is the only politicians who has talked about this for decades, and done nothing to make it happen. Pakistan’s Rail system has to be linked up to the world. Its pathetic situation cannot be improved by simply renaming old trains and taking credit for the new ones. Pakistan has had the technology to build railway tracks. It has had this technology for 40 years. There is no excuse not to have all major cities linked dup by double tracks and built on international bot old British guages..

Pakistan had the technology to build roads for 4 decades. The roads should be built to all nooks and corners. Though much has been said about freeways, a lot of them are on paper only andthe network should be ring roads around the entire country.

Baluchistan is Pakistan’s largest province, and only a fraction of the province is used. All government land in the province should be opened up to settlers of Pakistani origin who have Pakistani citizenship. Top priority should be given to the Baluch. LIke the wild wild west of America, the land should be given to all those who can stake it out and promise to live on the land in the harshest conditions. Those who cannot make it must forfeit the land back to the government. Millions will pour into the province from Punjab Sindh and elsewhere andbuild the province. Canals will be dug, undergroundwater found and desalination plants running on solar and wind energy will be making life in the 22nd century easier for the new settlers.

END OF ARTICLE

APPENDIX 1: US AMBASSADOR’S SPEECH

Pakistan stock market has huge potential: US ambassador Staff Report

KARACHI: US Ambassador to Pakistan, Anne W Patterson, Thursday visited Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) andheld a meeting with its management and board of directors.

US Consul General Kay L Anske andPress Attache Elizabeth O Colton were also present on the occasion.

Speaking on this occasion, she said that Pakistan stock market has a ‘huge’ upside potential and she was keen to be at the premier stock exchange of Pakistan.

“I was preparing for the job and I picked up the Wall Street Journal one day and there was a front page article on ‘terrorism in Pakistan’ and on the business page there was a story on KSE being the most successful stock exchange in the world. So I wanted to visit this stock exchange (KSE) which is the symbol of Pakistan’s growth and of hopefulness in the economy”, she said.

“I had also heard a lot about the distinguished and impressive management the stock market had here,” she said. Earlier, Managing Director KSE, Adnan Afridi, gave a presentation on country’s economy, stock market and performance of Pakistan’s premier bourse.

He said Pakistan has experienced a sustainable growth and can continue on the path provided there is continuity and longevity of economy policies. “It is one of the most open investment regimes in the world with 100 percent repatriation of profits that has helped in attracting investment,” he said.

Adnan pointed out that financial services and telecomsector were deregulated with the help of strong, professional regulators adopting global practices and benefiting from favourable demographics.

He said KSEwas the top performer in the emerging stock markets of the world with a growthof 8.73 percent during 2008. Taiwan is the second with 5.69 percent followed by Bangkok and Singapore.

He said the growth rate of KSE is over 35 percent per annum for the last ten years as its market capitalisation has grown to $75 billion.

He said KSE was heading for de-mutualization which will make it a member of developed stock markets of the world.

Responding to a question about the prospects of long-term investment in the backdrop of security concerns, Adnan pointed out that despite ups and downs and political uncertainty in the country, foreign investment has continued to flow in.

Other members of the board of directors told US Ambassador that there were big upside expectations, once the security situation is improved. What they (fund managers) are worried is the falling rupee and lack of economic road map.

US Ambassador was told that KSE has the average multiple of 10 to 11 whereas neighboring markets including India has 17 while Bangladesh 23.

APPENDIX 2: INFORMATON ON PAKISTANI COAL RESERVES

Pakistan’s Thar Desert contains the largest coal reserves discovered to date, covering an area of 10,000 square kilometers. The Thar Coal Field, should it be developed, will yield over 200 billion ton of coal used to produce electricity, it will yield sufficient power to make Pakistan self-sufficient in Electrical power.

Pakistan’s biggest coalfield lies in Thar (Sindh) where the coal reserves are estimated to be over 175,506 million tons. Seven other coal fields in Sindhhave 8,617 million tons of coal reserves. These include Lakhra, Sonda-Thatta, Jherruck, Oagar, Indus East, Meting Jhimper and Badin with reserves of 1,328 million tons, 3,700 million tons, 1,323 million tones, 312 million tons, 1,777 million tons, 161 million tons and 16 Million tons respectively.

Other major fields in the country contain reserves of over 533 million tons. These include Khost-Sharig-Harnai, Sor-Range-Degari, Mach-Abagum, Duki and Pir Ismail Ziarat in Balochistan with reserves of 76 million tons, 34 million tons, 23 million tons and 12 million tons respectively; Salt Range and Makerwal-Gullakhelin Punjab with reserves of 234 million tons and 22 million tons respectively; and Hangu in NWFP with a reserve of 81 million tons. In addition to these major fields, there exist minor coal deposits at Badiuzai, Bahol, Bala Chaka, Bhalgor, Johan, Kachh, and Margot in Balochistan; Cherat in NWFP; Choi in Punjab; Khilla (near Muzaffarabad) and Kotli in Azad Kashmir.

http://jang.com.pk/thenews/jan2008-weekly/busrev-07-01-2008/p2.htm

The total Sindhi coal reserves are estimated at 185.5 billion tonnes in the country as Sindh province has the bigger share of 184,623 million tonnes that mostly exists in Thar. However, coal reserves also located at Lakhra, Sonda, Meeting Jhimpir, Indus east and Badin. In Balochistan coal reserves are estimated at 217 million tonnes in Sor-rangi, Much, Dhuki. Coal reserves in Punjab stand at 233 million tonnes at places of Salt Range and Makarwal. Coal reserves in NWFP are 91 million tonnes and AJK accounts for 9 million tonnes. Small power plants up to 25 MW can be set up at coal reserves in Balochistan and in Punjab power plants up to 80 MW can be set up to generate electricity by coal-fired power plants.

A recent speech by the US ambassador listed coal as a major area of cooperation

Just do your own google search. http://www.google.com.pk/search?source=ig&hl=en&rlz=1G1GGLQ_ENPK275&q=coal+reserves+in+Pakistan&meta=

http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/database2/cover/c2001-41.asp

Pakistan’s coal resources
By Engr. Abdul Waheed Bhutto

Coal plays an important role as a primary and an inexpensive source for power generation. In 2003, the USA produced 1,069 million short tons of coal and consumed during the same period 1,090 million short tons.

The electric power sector accounted for over 90 per cent of the US coal consumption. In 2003, the USA generated 3,691 billion kwh of electricity from electric power sector, out of which coal-fired plants accounted for 53 per cent of generation, nuclear 21, natural gas 15, hydroelectricity seven and oil three per cent.

In many other developed countries coal is being used as the primary source for power generation. In Pakistan, coal currently makes up merely one per cent of the electric power generation.

Coal is primarily classified into four major categories, or ‘ranks’: lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite. One of the most valuable content of coal is its carbon content which supplies most of its heating value.

However, various other factors as moisture content, ash content andsulphur are also important in determining the rank of a particular coal. Anthracite, is top ranked coal, with highest carbon content that ranges between 86-98 per cent and has a heat value of nearly 15,000 BTUs(British thermal units) per pound.

Bituminous and sub-bituminous ‘ranks’ of coal are inferior to anthracite. The bituminous variety is used primarily to generate electricity and to make coke for the steel industry.

The discovery of coal in Balochistan during the late 18th century led to its commercial utilization mainly by the North-Western Railways during the colonial regime. At present, our total coal reserves are estimated around184.5 billion tonnes. which include the lately discovered deposits of low sulphur coal at Thar.

The local coal falls in the lignite and sub-bituminous categories. Coal from Lakhra and Sonda fields of Sindh has relatively higher moisture, sulphur and ash contents.

As opposed to this, Thar coal having an estimated reserves of 184.6 billion tonnes is much superior in quality due to low sulphur content and higher heating value. Well-developed coal-fields are located in Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh.

SINDH: The Sindh province has total coal resources of 184 billion tonnes. The quality of coal is mostly lignite-B to sub-bituminous A-C. Brief description of two major deposits is given as under:

THAR: A large coal-field, having a resource potential of about 175 billion tonnes, has been discovered at Thar in the eastern part of the province, about 400 km South East of Karachi.

The coal-field extends over 9,000 sq km area out of which 356 sq km area has been studied in detail by the Geological Survey of Pakistan proving nine billion tonnes coal in four blocks.

The main coal bed thickness ranges from 12 to 21 meters at an average depth of 170 meters, upper 50 meters being loose sand. The quality of coal has been determined on the basis of chemical analyses of more than 2,000 samples. The rank of the coal ranges from lignite-B to sub-bituminous-A.

LAKHRA: The Lakhra coal-field in Dadu District, lies 16 km to the west of Khanot railway station on the Kotri-Dadusection of the Pakistan Railways. It covers approximately an area of about 200 sq km. It is well connected with Karachi and Hyderabad through roads andrailways. Mining in the area is done underground.

Three coal seams are established in the field but generally only the middle seam is known, as Lailian bed possesses the necessary persistence and thickness for consideration in large-scale mining. It shows a variation in thickness from 0.75 meter to 2.5 meters.

Average thickness is 1.5 meter. Coal from Lakhra has an apparent rank of lignite A to sub-bituminous C. The coal is dull black and contains amber resin flakes and about 30 per cent moisture. Although it can be extracted in large lumps, it dries to a moisture content of about 8 per cent when brought to surface.

It tends to crumble on longer exposure to atmosphere and is often susceptible to spontaneous combustion. Based essentially on the results of the initial exploratory work done by the GSP, more detailed exploration has been subsequently undertaken by PMDC, JICA, Wapda and the USAID.

The total reserves of the deposit have been estimated to be 1328 million tonnes with 244 million tonnes measured, 629 indicated and 455 tonnes inferred. Average annual production of coal from Lakhra is over one million tonnes. Most of this production is used in the WAPDA power plant at Khanote, Sindh and in brick kiln industry.

SONDA-JHERRUCK: Over one billion tonnes reserves of lignite quality coal have been assessed in Sonda- Jherruck coal-field. Owing to favourable location and developed infrastructure, two Chinese companies have expressed interest to conduct feasibility study for commissioning of 500 mw power generation units.

In case the feasibility study justifies commissioning of project, an investment of $500 million would be made by the Chinese consortium for establishment of coal fired power project of 500 mw. A quantity of two million tonnes coal annually would be mined to cater for the requirements of power generation units.

Balochistan: The coal seams in Balochistan are found in Ghazigformation of Eocene age. The quality of the coal is sub-bituminous A to high volatile B bituminous. The coal-fields mostly lie around Quetta in Balochistan however the following are significant:

SOR-RANGE; DEGARI; SINJIDI: Sor-Range-Degari coal-field lies 13 to 25 km south east of Quetta covering an area of about 50 sq km and is easily accessible through metalled road from Quetta.

The northern half of the field is known as Sor Range, Degari is situated at the southern end of the field. The thickness of the coal seam varies from 1.0 meter to 2.0 meters but in Sor-Range seam sections up to 5.0 meters have been encountered. The coal is of better quality with low ash and sulphur content. The quality of the coal is high sub-bituminous A to high volatile B bituminous.

CHAMALANG: These are the newly discovered coal-fields which need development. Preliminary work done by GSP in these areas has indicated that it has a good potential.

The quality of coal is also better as compared to the rest of Balochistan. The rank of the coal ranges from high volatile C bituminous to high Volatile A-bituminous with a total resource of 6 million tonne. Its heating value is +12000 BTU/lb.

PUNJAB: The Punjab’s coal fields comprise the eastern, central and western Salt Range between Khushab, Dandot and Khewra while Makerwal coal-field lies in Trans-Indus Range (Sanghar Range). The rank of the coal is sub-bituminous A to high volatile bituminous.

SALT RANGE: The Salt Range coal-field covers an area of about 260 sq km, between Khushab, Dandot and Khewra. The entire coal producing area is well connected with roads and railways.

The top seam varies in thickness from 0.22 meter to 0.30 meter while the middle seam is up to 0.60 meter thick. The lower seam is up to one meter thick and is relatively of better quality.

It is being mined in Dandot, Choa-Saiden Shah and adjoining areas. The Punjab Mineral Development Corporation and several private companies are operating the mines in the area. Reserve of the deposit is 235 million tonnes.

MAKERWAL/GULLAKHEL: Makerwal/Gullakhel coal-field is situated in Sarghar Range (Trans-Indus Range). The coal-field extends from about 3.2 km west of Makerwal to about 13 km West of Kalabagh covering an area of about 75 sq km, in Mianwali district. The quality of Makerwal/Gullakhel coal is better than that of Salt Range coal and is preferred by the consumers. Total reserves of the deposit are 22 million tonnes.

Lignite, the indigenous coal mostly found in Pakistan is a comparatively young coal geologically speaking and has the lowest carbon content of just 25-35 per cent and also the lowest heat value of only 6,000-10,000 BTUsper pound.

However, lignite, which is called ‘brown coal’, can be used for electric power generation. Lignite found in Thar has comparatively lower sulphur content, makes it more suitable for power generation after the washing process and an appropriate plant design.

The local production of coal is estimated at 3.21 million tons out of which presently over 80 per cent is being utilized by bricks makers, while the rest are being consumed by the cement industry to blend it with the imported coal to reduce the production cost, and only one per cent by the coal-based power stations.

It is reported that around 85 per cent of the cement industry has shifted on low-priced coal from relatively more expensive natural gas and furnace oil. The conversion has small impact on the local coal production because cement units are using high rank imported coal as the indigenous coal is of low quality.

Indigenous coal is blended with imported coal in small proportion, which is necessary for smooth operation of the plant. During the 2002, the cement industry utilized one million tons of imported coal from South Africa, Austria and Indonesia. Imported coal cost Rs3150 to Rs3510 per ton while local coal cost Rs1300 to Rs2500 per ton.

Use of coal as fuel in sugar industry can save around 9 million tons bagasse, which can be utilized to produce medium density fibreboard, excellent replacement of furniture-making wood and consequently saving our fast depleting forests.

Coal is also an important raw material for the production of several chemicals. Refined coal tar can be used in the manufacture of a range of chemicals including pitch, creosote oil, naphthalene, phenol, pyridine, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, propylene, polyesters, plastics, synthesis gas, acetic acid, acetic anhydride.

Numerous chemicals and fuels can be manufactured from the gasification of coal. In late 1950’s, Pak-American Fertilizers, Iskandarabad, Daudkhel was based on gasification technology supplied by Lurgi to produce ammonia and ammonium sulfate fertiliser.

Sasol of SouthAfrica has developed the processes for production of petrochemicals from coal, with high ash content by gasification. Coal under pressure and high temperature, in the presence of steam and oxygen is converted to raw gas.

Condensation and subsequent cooling of gas, yields co-products such as tar and oil. Nitrogenous compounds (Ammonia), sulfur andphenolic compound are also recovered. The purified synthesis gas after cooling is made available for conversion to synthetic fuels and or chemical production. Sasol acquired the technology from Lurgi (Germany).

SouthAfrican coal reserves are largely bituminous with relatively high ash content (about 45%) and low sulfur content (1%). The advantage of SASOLprocess is that it can process low-grade coal anda number of high value chemicals are produced along with synthetic fuels. It is understood that Sasol or similar technology can be adopted for our coal reserves.

It’s time to explore coal and develop coal-fired power plants to not only lessen dependence on imported fuel but also to cut the cost of power production for the benefit of the industries, trade and individual consumers.

The government should also consider the utilization of indigenous coal for coal gasification, to produce high value petrochemicals, for which suitable technologies are available in the world.

 

Table – 1
Coal Production (Thousand Tonnes) 
Year                Pakistan          Punjab          Sindh          NWFP             Balochistan
2002-03        3609.3              502.3        1049.1          266.2                   1791.7
2001-02         3511.8              515.2           993.0           237.4                  1766.1
2001-02         3285.7             401.3         1005.6          191.3                   1687.5
1999-00         3164.3             454.5           981.9            46.3                      1681.5
1998-99          3377.9            479.1           1233.1          53.2                      1612.5
1997-98         3144.5             365.6            1178.3         59.1                       1541.5
1996-97         3496.4             425.3            1093.0        55.7                       1922.0
1995-96         3465.1              514.9            1088.1        43.6                        1818.5
1994-95         3009.6             416.0             1046.2       55.7                       1491.5
1993-94         3214.4              465.4             1093.8      67.0                       1588.1

 
Table-2
COAL RESOURCES      Coal Resources   (million tonnes)   Province  / Coal field Measured Indicated Interred Hypothetical Total

SINDH                             Lakhra 244 629            455 – 1,328
Sonda- Thatta               60 511 2197                     932 3,700
Jherruck                           106 310 907 -              1,323
Others                              82 303 1881 -                     2266
Thar                                  3,407 10,323 81,725 80,051 175,506
Sub- Total 3,898 12,076 87,165 80,983 184,123
BALOCHISTAN     
Kohst-Sharig-Harnai 13 – 63 – 76
Sor-Range/Degari 15 – 19 16 50
Duki 14 11 25 – 50
Mach-Abegum 09 – 14 – 23
Pir Ismail Ziarat 02 02 08 – 12
Chamalong 01 – 05 – 06
Sub-Total 54 13 134 16 217
PUNJAB     
Eastern Salt Range 21 16 02 145 235
Central Salt Range 29 – -  
Makerwal 05 08 09  
Sub-Total 55 24 11 145 235
GRAND TOTAL 4,008 12,113 87,189 81,144 184,575

APPENDIX A

NEEDS OF THE PAKISTANI NATION

Without a lot of ceremony, here is a list of requirements of the Pakistani nation:

1. For our role in the proxy wars of the past century Pakistanis deserve the following. Here a bill to be handed over to “the powers to be”.
2. We want Bullet Trains running from the Karakorum’s and beyond to Gwader and beyond.
3. We want a modern train system and underground railways for our cities.
4. We want Water and sewage lines in our major cities and our towns and villages.
5. We want 1000 proper schools for our children and we want $100 million
6. 2500 brand new world class hospitals. $ 1 Billion million.
7. Compare to the USA: (Total Number of all U.S. registered hospitals: 5759
8. Total staffed beds in all U.S. registered hospitals: 955,768
9. Teach Urdu, English, Farsi, Arabic and Chinese in all schools. Also optional languages Punjabi, Kashmiri, Pahari, Hindkoh, Saraki, Pushto, Baluchi, Brahvi, Sindhi, Darri, Potohari. $ 50 million
10. We want 500 modern libraries spread all over the country. Build a library larger than the one in Alexandria. $250 million compare to 117,378 libraries in the USA
11. We want a Motorway system to link all cities of Pakistan, North and South, East and West. $10 billion
12. We need 10 new major airports linked by High Speed Trains. $10 Billion
13. We want 50 million “$100 computers” for Pakistanis in Urdu and all local languages. $100 million
14. We want “kachi abadis” to disappear from our cities. We want to see skyscraper and government housing for all the poor who can be used for labor to build the building. $ 5 Billion
15. We want 100 power plants to eliminate the shortage of electricity in the country.$ 500 million
16. We want 5 major dams and 100 minor dams to prevent the acute water shortage in the country. $ 500 million
17. We want 100 ships for the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation so that Pakistan can become a major sea faring nation able to handle the trade. $ 5 Billion
18. We have to quadruple the yield for our Cotton, Milk and Wheat production benchmarked against the USA, Australia and Canada. $1 Billion
19. Get ship load of Sri Lankan teachers to eliminate illiteracy in Pakistan. $ 10 million
20. Get boatloads of Malaysian manufacturers to setup electronic manufacturing in Pakistan
21. Get train loads of Koreans to build 10 new planned cities in Pakistan. $ 10 Billion
22. Get a plane load of the Swiss to build world class ski resorts and amusement parks and develop our archeological sites as wonders of the world. $ 2 Billion
23. Get busloads of Chinese to build industrial parks in Pakistan. $ 10 Billion
24. We want to reclaim millions of acres of desert in Baluchsitan for our future generations. $ 3 Billion
25. And Oh! Yes Northern Areas are part and parcel of Pakistan not to be bartered away to anyone. Don’t even think of giving up Kashmir!
26. Does this list look expensive? Not really. The cost of all this is in the league of $38 Billion that was offered to Turkey for transit rights into Iraq, which the Turkish parliament turned down. Even if it double or triple that amount, we deserve it.
LET US FOCUS ONLY ON EDUCATION FOR STARTERS:
1) Malaysia focused on primary schools, and Ghana focused on Higher education. For the first 20 years after independence Malaysia did not build any universities at all. Malaysia built primary and secondary schools. The results have shown phenomenal growth for education in Malaysia and dismal results in Ghana.
2) Sri Lanka a country ridden with an ongoing civil war as well as penury stricken population and poverty laden infrastructure was able to life the country out of illiteracy and today has the highest literacy rates in Asia as well one of the highest literacy rates in the world.
3) Abdus Sattar Edhi lives in a corrupt society where the government in unable and unwilling to provide social benefits to its population. Abdus Sattar Edhi runs a fleet of more than 500 ambulances, helicopters and planes. He also has orphanages, women’s shelters, and provides death and burial services to the poor in all urban centers of Pakistan. He is scrupulously honest. He has received many international awards and boasted that his personal account has more than $85 million. Edhi sleeps in his office and wears the clothes donated by the family of a dead person for 10 days
His organization needs to be duplicated.
4) Bangladesh after the trauma of 1971 asked all of its graduates to devote 1 year of their lives. They would only receive a degree if they made sure that two illiterate people would become literate. Paksitan should force all intermediate to educate 5 people and all graduates to educate and make literate 10 people before they can get degrees. NADRA should ensure that there is no duplication of people and there is no fraud.
5) Cuba is one of the most sanctioned countries in the world. It also has one of the best and most comprehensive medical systems in the world. All Cubans are educated and have good medical attention. Hundreds of Cuban volunteers stayed in Pakistan in the earthquake. Cuba and Pakistan established diplomatic relations and Cuba offered 1000 fully paid scholarships to Pakistanis. This system has to be institutionalized and Pakistan needs to learn from Cuba.
6) Karachi has one of the highest literacy in the nation. All Karachi schools run in double shifts and have been running on double shifts for more than 40 years. The Muhajirs have almost a 100% literacy rate. All Pakistani government schools must run on double shifts.
7) Bangladesh developed Grameen Bank. A lot of this has been discussed on this, but the fact remains that this is the “Committee system” used by urban and rural housewives for generations. Grameen offers small loans, mainly to women. Grameen boasts a non-existent default rate because the five or ten members in the “committee” depend on the person to return the loan. This has improved the conditions of the poorest.
Turkey has used the capitalist system to eliminate “katchi abadis”, by developing partnerships with the public and private sectors. All the residents of a “katchi abadi” are registered. This list is frozen. Some elected representatives are chosen to work with the government for regularization of the land. The land is used as collateral to get a load to build a new village which includes a) a school b) a hospital c) a shopping mall d) a mosque e) and a high rise building which provides basic amnesties to all the residents. The “katchi abadi” residents cannot sell the land or the building. This goes into a trust. The shops generate funds for the community and a certain number of apartments are sold to the general public and rented to the general public to generate funds for the building. All “katchi abadi” residents thus get decent housing, eyesores are eliminated from the cities, and the venture is commercially feasible.
9) A list needs to be generated of all government run schools. These need to be mapped. All ghost schools need to be listed and identified in a database posted on the internet.
10) Every district has to be identified where schools do not exist.
11) A central Education Emergency Center (EEC)* office needs to be established in every district to create lists of all illiterate persons in the district. The EEC office also lists all children in the district, especially the mother of girls in a database. * Need to think of a good name IN URDU & LOCAL LANGUAGES FOR THE EEC.
12) The EEC Iqra (Insaf *** R*** Area) sets up adult literacy training to all the mothers and adults as well as the children.
13) The EEC establishes schools in one room homes or open air schools, and even under peepal trees or tents. Initially the EEC may use government buildings to train adults and mothers and children in the 2nd shift. As funding becomes available the schools will have an infrastructure. Where possible, the EEC schools will build its own schools
14) The EEC establishes FM radio network and a TV channel for adult education. Australian children who cannot commute to schools used to be taught via CB radios and HAM radios. Today this can and must be established via the internet.
15) Many organizations have created products for the 3rd world a) Hand cranked laptops hooked to network by peer-to-peer network b) solar ovens c) solar powered refrigerator d) cheap toilets d) biogas generators e) wind power tube wells. All of these and others have to listed, prioritized and used in the EEC centers
16) The EEC must set up votechnical centers to teach adults and children basic skills in a) plumbing b) woodworking/carpentry c) electrical works d) computer assembly e) Improving harvesting techniques f) Supply chain improvement and Storage improvement of vegetables and fruits g) Identification of better seeds, and informing farmers about the better seeds to improve per hector yields h)